Returns the sum of all the values, or only the DISTINCT values, in the expression. With character columns, MIN finds the value that is lowest in the sort sequence. MIN can be used with numeric, character and datetime columns, but not with bit columns. Returns the minimum value in the expression. With character columns, MAX finds the highest value in the collating sequence. MAX can be used with numeric, character and datetime columns, but not with bit columns. Returns the maximum value in the expression. COUNT(*) takes no parameters and cannot be used with DISTINCT. When DISTINCT is specified, COUNT finds the number of unique non-null values. Returns the number of non-null values in the expression. Returns the average of all the values, or only the DISTINCT values, in the expression. Aggregate functionsĪggregate functions perform a calculation on a set of values and return a single, or summary, value. Text and image: performs operations on text and image dataīelow you will find detailed descriptions and examples for the first four functions.System: returns a special piece of information from the database.String: performs operations on character strings, binary data or expressions.Mathematical: performs operations on numeric data.Date: displays information about dates and times.
Conversion: transforms one data type to another. There are many built-in functions in SQL Server such as: (SELECT title_id FROM Books WHERE type = ‘mod_cook’) Built-in Functions This example uses INSERT to add a record to the publisher’s Authors table. An error message is displayed and the row is rejected if the column is defined as NOT NULL and no default exists. NULL is entered if the column allows NULLs and no default value exists for the column. A default value is entered if the column has a DEFAULT constraint, if a default is bound to the column, or if a default is bound to the underlying user-defined data type. When you specify values for only some of the columns in the column_list, one of three things can happen to the columns that have no values: If an INSERT statement violates a constraint, default or rule, or if it is the wrong data type, the statement fails and SQL Server displays an error message. These strings are truncated to a single space. All trailing spaces are removed from data inserted into varchar columns, except in strings that contain only spaces. All char columns are right-padded to the defined length. Inserting an empty string (‘ ‘) into a varchar or text column inserts a single space. When inserting rows with the INSERT statement, these rules apply: INSERT Table_name | view name ĭEFAULT VALUES | values_list | select statement We can use the SELECT statement to generate an employee phone list from the Employees table as follows: It is processed according to the following sequence: The SELECT statement, or command, allows the user to extract data from tables, based on specific criteria. Lower case letters are used to represent user-defined words. Upper case letters are used to represent reserved words. If a clause has several parts, they should appear on separate lines and be indented under the start of the clause to show the relationship. 
The beginning of each clause should line up with the beginning of other clauses.Each clause in a statement should begin on a new line.
Edit tables and view records sqlite commands how to#
In this chapter, we will describe how to use the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE SQL DML command statements, defined below.
The SQL data manipulation language (DML) is used to query and modify database data. Chapter 16 SQL Data Manipulation Language
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